PEST analysis of Brazil Essay Example

PEST analysis of Brazil Paper This paper will concentrate on Legoland subject park company possible enlargement in Brazil. I will utilize PEST model as a guideline for analysis and other analysis methods. such as Porter? s or Hofsted. if needed. First. paper will analyse the external environment that affects determination devising and moreover. supply some internal environment information about Legolands strengths and failings. Brazil is South America’s most important state. an economic giant and one of the world’s biggest democracies. with 5th big population in the universe ( News. bbc. co. United Kingdom. 2013 ) . In coming old ages Brazil will host two immense athletics events. World Cup in 2014 and Olympic Games 2016. which have evidently some impact in PEST- analysis countries. When talking about Brazil it is of import to cognize about Jeito Brasileiro. the Brazilian manner of making things. In concern that means that Brazilians prefer travel around the regulations when an obstruction nowadayss ( Morrison and Conaway. 2006 ) . Today LEGOLAND has all together six subject Parkss located in North America. Europe and Asia. Company is non to the full owned by Lego Group itself. instead theme Parkss are owned and operated by the British subject park company Melin Entertainment. which operates in all parts of the universe besides South America. Core values that LEGO want to do universal are Creativity. Imagination. Learning. Fun and Quality ( Jones and Shaheen. 2013 ) . ( Merlinentertainments. game. 2013 ) . 2. Political environment Harmonizing to Ministery of foreign personal businesss Danmark. Brazil is a federal democracy with a federal authorities divided into three independent subdivisions – executive. legislative. and judicial. We will write a custom essay sample on PEST analysis of Brazil specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on PEST analysis of Brazil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on PEST analysis of Brazil specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The President has executive power ( being both the Head of State and Government ) although advised by the Cabinet. Legislative power is at the National Congress. while judicial power lies with the judiciary Supreme Federal Court. and the regional federal tribunals. The state is a parliamentary democracy with a presidential government and following presidential. congressional. and gubernatorial elections is to be held in October 2014. 2. 1 Political Hazard Data from World Bank ( 2013 ) shows that Brazil Political hazard has changed a batch in the past decennary. but now state is politically stable in the long term position. However monolithic anti-government protests during July 2013 Tell that Brazil is presently sing a widespread prostration of its substructure. Harmonizing to Paula Ramon ( 2013 ) there are jobs with ports. airdromes. public conveyance. wellness and instruction. Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff even proposed a referendum as a manner to put political reform in the public’s hands. 2. 2 Corruption The degrees of bureaucratism and deficiency of transparence of regulations make Brazil a hard state to make concern in. Misdemeanors of jurisprudence and ethical criterions committed by representatives of the legislative and executive power are common. The organisation Transparency International’s corruptness index for 2012 ranks Brazil as figure 69 ( score 43/100 ) – in front of Argentina ( 102 ) . Columbia ( 94 ) and Peru ( 83 ) but behind Chile ( 24 ) and the U. S ( 19 ) of 180 states ( Transparency International. 2013 ) . Corruptness was cited among many issues that provoked the 2013 protests in Brazil ( CNN iReport. 2013 ) . 2. 3 FDI and concern set uping ordinances Policy competition to pull investing was activated in Brazil by the dramatic success of the 1994 Real Plan in cutting rising prices and conveying macroeconomic stableness to the state ( OECD. 2002 ) . Since so FDI influxs have turning inclination as we can see from the chart. Direct Investing totaled US $ 660. 5 billion. equivalent to 30. 8 % of national GDP ( Oecd. org. 2012 ) . As stated in Iab. worldbank. org. 2013 foreign companies set uping subordinates in Brazil must hold at least 2 stockholders. Executive officers of Brazilian companies must be either Brazilian citizens or aliens who hold a Brazilian permanent visa. To register with the Commercial Registry. the company may pay an extra fee and registry through SIMPI. which offers an expedited enrollment procedure. Company set uping takes 166 yearss and goes trough 17 processs. to compare IAB planetary norm is 42 yearss and 7 processs. nevertheless Brazilian easiness of constitution index ( 64. 5 ) is in line with IAB planetary norm 62. 5. While authorities blessing is non required. foreign investings must be registered with the Brazilian Central Bank. Harmonizing to the Rules for the Exchange Market and Foreign Capital issued by the Central Bank of Brazil. merely a few entities are entitled to keep a foreign currency bank history in Brazil. 2. 4 Taxation Foreign capital that enters Brazil as direct foreign investing ( IED ) is non capable to revenue enhancement. However. the intercompany loans will be capable to IOF at a rate of 6 % . Even though. intercompany loans are classified as IED ( Mello. 2012 ) . While importing may work good in most markets. it is hard in Brazil due to high duties and revenue enhancements. since Brazil does non hold an industry of amusement drives and equipment. or many mills. when it comes to roller-coasters. elephantine wheels and similar merchandises. there is demand to import them from other states. chiefly from Europe. Asia and the United States ( Macropolice. 2013 ) . Potential export states such as the US and Germany are non parties to a bilateral free trade understanding with Brazil. As a consequence imports from these states bear duties and revenue enhancements which can run from 0 to 35 per centum on the CIF ( insurance. and cargo ) value. The edge rate that Brazil can impose on imports under World Trade Organization regulations is 31. 4 per centum. Since duties can be changed by the authorities at any clip. importers are capable to hazard and uncertainness ( Brazil. Land of the Future. n. d. ) 2. 5 Employment Laws Employment and labour dealingss in Brazil are chiefly governed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. the Brazilian Labour Code – CLT’ and Collective Labour Agreements. Established working hours in Brazil should non transcend 44 hours a hebdomad and preferentially. 8 hours a twenty-four hours. Depending on the occupation. there are conventions between companies and Unions. and so employees will work more than 8 hours a twenty-four hours. Every employee working under the CLT ordinance has right of a 30-day remainder every 12 months of work. Brazil has the 13th wage. which is a satisfaction equivalent to a month salary and paid in two installments in November and December For persons considered as employees. the company must do a monthly sedimentation tothe Government Severance Indemnity Fund for Employees. Aviso previo is a presentment that must be given by both employee and employer when they are no longer willing to work together. This presentment must be given one month prior to the dismissal. Additionally Brazilian employers are obliged to cover its employees’ transit costs and supply a repast for those working 8 hours a twenty-four hours. All in all hiring in Brazil is non inexpensive because of the all extra cost mentioned earlier ( Globalconnections. hsbc. com. 2013 ) .

John F Kennedy Jr essays

John F Kennedy Jr essays John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. He was the youngest president ever to be elected, the first Roman Catholic president, and the first president to be born in the 20th century. Although, he didn't get the chance to live out his term and possible another one, he impacted the entire world. No other president was so popular, especially with the young people. John F. Kennedy was born May 29th, 1917, child of Joseph P. and Rose Kennedy. John had eight brothers and sisters: Joseph P. Jr. (1915), Rosemary (1918), Kathleen (1920), Eunice (1921), Patricia (1924), Robert F. (1925), Jean (1928) and Edward M. (1932). All of the children were born in Brookline, Massachusetts. They were all very competitive due to their parents. The only thing that was important to them was winning. John grew up in the nineteen twenties and thirties at his birth place of Brookline, Massachusetts. John had once stated, "life is unfair,"1 yet for him the statement was definitely not true. His childhood consisted of many things. Coming from a wealthy family let him have the freedom to do what most kids couldn't. That still didn't keep him from behaving like other kids. He and his brothers and sisters all participated in things such as sailboat races, tennis matches, or even just a simple game of touch football. All family members were always encouraged to get involved with government issues. Small talk wasn't allowed at the Kennedy dinner table2. They discussed world and national issues. The impact of these discussions wouldn't be seen until later. Joseph and Rose were trying to prepare their sons for public life and prepare their daughters for marriages to distinguished young men. In 1937, the Kennedy family moved to Great Britain so that John's father could become the American ambassador there for three years. John stayed in the United States for an education at Harvard University. John was a very good student at Ha...

If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative Research Paper

If the demand for corn increases due to its use as an alternative energy source, what will happen to the supply of corn's substi - Research Paper Example One would have expected the price of corn to decrease due to the increase in the quantity demanded, but this is a different and special case. The increase in the demand for corn would also lead to an increase in the price of corn oil as suppliers would want to take advantage of the market scenario by maximizing their profits. Suppliers are aware that consumers have no choice than to make use of corn as an alternative source of energy and they would increase the price. Thus, the increase in the demand of corn and the price of corn oil have a linear relationship in this case. In a typical scenario, the price elasticity of demand for corn oil would have an effect on the quantity-demanded of corn oil (O'Sullivan & Perez, 2010). Initially, people would buy the commodity and the suppliers would make good use of the rapid increase in demand by increasing the price. This increase in price would have an initial multiplying effect on the total revenue made by the sellers of corn oil. This incr ease in price would make cause people to look for other alternatives and when they eventually find another alternative, they would have no choice than to reduce the rate at which they demand for corn and choose the close substitutes (Jones, 2008).

Summary of Margaret Newman's and Rosemarie Parse's Grand Theories of Essay

Summary of Margaret Newman's and Rosemarie Parse's Grand Theories of Nursing - Essay Example The development of grand nursing theories helped to distinguish the discipline from the medical model, catalysed the extensive growth of nursing knowledge, and provided a framework for organizing nursing knowledge and nurse education curricula. Further, grand theories offer an alternative to practising solely on the basis of tradition or intuition, thus helping to professionalize nursing practice. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to summarise Margaret Newman’s and Rosemarie Parse’s grand nursing theories, examining their aim, their application to patient care and nursing, their key elements, and their strengths and weaknesses. Margaret Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness Margaret Newman’s 1990 theory of health as expanding consciousness arose from her insights on long-term illness. She believed that through the invalid’s expansion of consciousness, they gained a deeper appreciation for life and more meaningful relation ships. This abstract model required recognition of the life pattern, acceptance of illness as part of the life pattern, and health as an expansion of consciousness. The pattern of expanding consciousness evolves irrespective of the form or direction it may take. Through this realization, illness and disease lose their demoralizing power (Rich, 2011). The theorist believed that the focus of nursing is on the nurse-patient relationship. Pattern-recognition is the key element of nursing practice and interventions. The more expanded the consciousness of the nurses, the more readily they are able to enter a transformative relationship with clients, to help the latter regain health by minimizing disease and emphasizing health (Newman, 1999). The purpose of this theory of health as expanding consciousness, is to underscore the human experiences of transformation through time and space to a more highly organized pattern of the whole. Newman’s perspective of health and illness as a un itary process moving through variations of order-disorder, was built on Rogers’ 1970 life process model with a holistic and unitary view of humans, and from Young’s idea of the acceleration of evolution of consciousness. According to Newman, consciousness pertained to all information of a system that related to its capacity to interact with its environment. â€Å"Consciousness as the essence of all things that exist, including humans† (Kim, 2006, p.297), is a part of time and space, and is reflected in movement. Newman’s theory considers health as a synthesis of the fusion of disease and non-disease, that is health consists of both wellness and illness. Disease and nondisease form â€Å"a larger wholeness that takes on a new and different form that is not diminished by illness† (Rich, 2011, p.290); this health creates a more inclusive consciousness. Therefore, the key characteristics of Newman’s theoryare: Health includes illness or patholgy ; these pathological conditions are a manifestation of the total pattern of the individual; the pattern of the individual that eventually establishes itself as pathology existed as a primary feature before the occurrence of structural or functional changes; by removing the pathology the individual’s pattern cannot be changed; â€Å"if becoming ill is the only way an individual’s pattern can manifest itself, then that is health for that person†

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 45

Summary - Essay Example People always perceive that the city life is luxurious and convenient. Even though, this might be true, this is not always the case. For instance, in Aesop’s fable, the country mouse proved to the town mouse that town life is not always reliable as perceived since he could not even have a meal in peace (Carroll 1). This fable was widespread in the Classical era (Carroll 1). Artists such as Horace incorporated the fable in his satires concluding his stories with quotes from Aesop’s fable. Nevertheless, writers from the 12th century, such as Walter of England, contributed most to adapting Aesop’s fable. Aesop was a fabulist credited with numerous fables that are collectively referred to as Aesop’s Fables (Carroll 1). According to historians, Aesop might or might have not written his fables. However, his Romantic writings confirm that he wrote his own works and he should be given credit for writings that seem so contemporary yet

National Effluent Limitation Regulations At Nigerian Breweries Environmental Sciences Essay

National Effluent Limitation Regulations At Nigerian Breweries Environmental Sciences Essay Nigeria, a country with thirty six states situated in the western part of Africa, rich in mineral and natural resources, having a size of three hundred and fifty six thousand, six hundred and sixty nine square miles of land area, with ecological zones ranging from the dry savannas in the north, to the water abundant Niger Delta (about nine hundred and twenty three thousand, seven hundred and seventy three square kilometres) She is more than half the United States of American state of California, Nigeria has placed her name on the globe for recognition in exportation of petroleum oil, groundnut, palm oil and cocoa. Gaining her independence in 1960, she has been ruled and governed under the military and civilian era, with the later still in rule, also known as the era of democracy. Nigeria, like many other former British colonies operates a common law. The main sources of law in Nigeria are customary law (which was the legal system operating in Nigeria prior to the advent of the Briti sh colonial rule), the Nigerian legislation, and common law. The composition and nature of our environment has greatly been altered by activities such as industrialization, transportation, construction and other activities. Nigeria is a developing country and so, has industries situated in urban and rural areas, most of these industries are manufacturing and producing industries, and as such, tend to give off waste products which acts as pollutants to the immediate and surrounding environment. This essay covers air pollution control laws in Nigeria caused by brewing activities. BREWING ACTIVITY AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Brewing is a complex process with several stages, that tend to produce pollutants in form of fumes and effluent that causes environmental air pollution. The raw material collection process, produces dust which when inhaled makes the victim to sneeze and cough, for this reason, handlers are given protective gears to cover their nose, failing to realise that this dust particles still float in the air and pollutes the environment. The steam produced when the milled grains are boiling (wort production), and the addition of yeast to the cooled wort for fermenting the wort into beer, (the aeration process), the bottling and packaging which deals with water that is in turn converted to waste water that gives a stench before treated. Waste water from the industry (effluent), which is later on recycled and used to wash equipments in the factory, gives out a stench that offends neighbouring surrounding. In the effluent tanks, the odour produced poses as a nuisance to the surrounding environmen t in the form of air pollution. The law relating to air pollution in Nigeria is contained in numerous instruments as obtained in The National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act 2007, an Agency of the Ministry of Environment Housing and Urban Development is charged with the responsibility of enforcing environmental Laws, regulations and  standard in deterring people, industries and organization from polluting and degrading the environment. According to the Environmental Law Research Institute 2007, (ELRI) for Nigeria, the synopsis of laws and regulations aims at inducing responsible attitudes and behaviours towards the environment are embedded in NESREA Act 2007 which replaced the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) Act, notes in Section 7, that it provides authority to ensure compliance with environmental laws, local and international, on environmental sanitation and pollution prevention and control through monitory and regulatory measures. According to the regulations under NESREA on National Effluent Limitation Regulations, Section 1 (1) requires industry facilities to have anti-pollution equipment for the treatment of effluent, but because policies are not given out to the general public, perhaps due to companys work ethics or policy, one can not say if the treatment of effluent is properly met in the brewing industry, however, because of the air pollution caused by this activity, it is recommended that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) comes into act to check if the industry has exceeded its limit in polluting the environment as stated in The National Environment Protection (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities producing Waste) Regulations (1991), Section 1 Prohibits the release of hazardous substances into the air, land or water of Nigeria beyond approved limits set by the Agency. Also, the need for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to measure the level of impact and damage done to the environment is not applied, it is for this reason that both small and big industries still generate a lot of pollution to the environment. The E.I.A Act, as it is informally called, deals with the considerations of environmental impact in respect of public and private projects. Sections relevant to environmental emergency prevention under the EIA include:- Section 2 (1) requires an assessment of public or private projects likely to have a significant (negative) impact on the environment. However, this is not the case when compared with the activities of brewing, as it gives a negative impact on the immediate environment. Mwalimu in his text states The common law supplements statutory control and regulation of air pollution in Nigeria for example concerning tortuous liability under torts of nuisance and negligence. This means that the law is there to control and regulate air pollution. A tort is an injury incurred by one or more individuals, and it may involve mere inattention by the air polluter who allowed the injury to occur. The different stages are powered with generators which emit fumes into the air, the stages involved also releases fumes into the air, effluent water which is before treated acts as another means of air pollution. The fumes produced from the industry, derived as a result of the production from brewing, running of diesel operated generators (commonly known as diesel fumes) are a mixture of gases, vapours, liquid aerosols and substances made up of particles. They contain the products of combustion including: carbon (soot); nitrogen; water; carbon monoxide; aldehydes; nitrogen dioxide; sulphur dioxide; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This gases acts as pollutants and are suspended in the atmosphere where they cause greenhouse effect and lead to global warming. Most of these gases damage vegetation, respiratory system, product of complete combustion of organic compounds; implicated in global climate change. In other words they damage and pollute the environment; it is safe to say that brewing activities contributes to one of the major sources of pollution. Environment is a very broad concept and involves everything that affects an organism during its lifetime. According to Srinivasan our environment comprises atmosphere, water, earth, and space. In his book, Chauhan defined environment in different ways; 1. It is in totality of all social, biological and physical or chemical individually as well as collectively that compose the nature and man-made surroundings. It refers to the sum total of conditions which surrounds man at a given point in space and time. It is the representative of physical components of the earth where in man is the important factor influencing his environment It would appear that what the author means by environment is the totality of the surrounding body (air, land and water) that can be seen and felt by living organism. Pollution is when different activities done by man makes the environment (air, land and water) dirty, Saunders in his text defines Pollution as The introduction by man of waste matter or surplus energy into the environment which directly or indirectly causes damage to man and his environment other than himself, his household, those in his employment or those with whom his has a direct trading relationship. This means that for every action man has taken has caused pollution directly or indirectly. Olanrewaju and Chukwukere defined air pollution as the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, biological materials that may cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere and further classified sources of air pollution into anthropogenic sources and natural sources. Tiwary and Colls stated in their book that air pollution has been with us since the first fire was lit, although different aspects have been important at different times. While many would consider air pollution an issue that the modern world has resolved to a greater extent, it still appears to have a considerable influence on the global environment. It would appear that the authors mean to say that air pollution, has been in existence from the beginning of time where fire was discovered and possibly before then. Vallero in his text defined air pollution in page three of his book as Air Pollution is the presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. Hill in his text said Pollution occurs because no process is one hundred percent efficient the author means that pollution is inevitable but can be managed. As stated above, there is no process or activity done by any living organism that does not result in one form of pollution or the other. A good example of air pollution includes failure to inspect the operation and maintenance of electrostatic precipitators or failure to design and size an adequate abatement technology. Effect of Air Pollution on Health of Humans Olarenwaju and Chukwukere, the effect of air pollution and disturbance of natural air causes different health problems such as difficulty in breathing, wheezing, coughing, aggravation of existing respiratory and cardiac conditions, pulmonary exacerbations, vascular dysfunction, increased thrombus formation, brain damage, cancer, and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. For this reason, legislations and regulations have been made for producing industries to abide in, and breach in this has its consequences. This legislation in relation to environmental law constitutes interlocking body of treaties, conventions, statutes, regulations, and common law that, very broadly, operate to regulate the interaction of humanity and the rest of the biophysical or natural environment, toward the purpose of reducing the impacts of human. The polluter can be held responsible for the damage to human health. These laws and regulations are in the constitution but are not enforced in the country, because pollution is still on the increase in this developing country. The use of generators to power the factory, or a house or machineries has led to not only air pollution but also noise pollution. According to Abdulkareem in his case study on Urban air pollution by computer simulator, Urban Air pollution due to activities of process industries is one of the main problems faced by the industrial area of the world. This means that, as long as there is an industrial process going on, air pollution would still be present. The action carried out by the brewery industry does not promote clean air, and therefore pollutes the air and this causes discomfort for the inhabitants of the surrounding environment, and the regulatory bodies are not efficient in carrying out their duties, unlike the United Kingdom, where Legislations are constantly reviewed and put into place to fish out industries and companies that are exceeding the pollution limit, environmental permits are in place, pollution prevention and control permits are also in place to check for stake holders that breach laws and to check for hw air pollution is regulated. As earlier said, there is no process that does not pollute the environment. The Pollution Prevention and Control permits (PPC) of the United Kingdom states that If a business operates in Northern Ireland or Scotland, the business would require a PPC permit from an environmental regulator before such business would be allowed to operate. The NEW Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) HYPERLINK http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/2172/contents/madeRegulations 2010 SI 675 pHYPERLINK http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/2172/contents/maderovides a consolidated system for environmental permits and exemptions for industrial activities, mobile plant, waste operations, mining waste operations, water discharge activities, groundwater activities and radioactive substances activities. It also sets out the powers, functions and duties of the regulators.HYPERLINK http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/2172/contents/made Unlike the United Kingdom where the public has the right to know the legislation for air pollution control, the public is unaware of this legislation in Nigeria. Very little is put in place for the public, there is no clean air act, which gives powers to local councils to control domestic and industrial smoke to improve local air quality and meet EU air quality standards for sulphur dioxide and particulates. The English air legislation controls emissions of gases, dark smoke and other airborne pollutants that harm the quality of the atmosphere. It includes environmental permitting and authorising regimes and, via the climate change framework, establishes financial incentives to switch to less-polluting ways of working. NEW Aerosol Dispensers Regulations 2009 SI 2824 aims to protect public health by prohibiting the supply or possession of aerosols not marked as conforming to safety standards. RECOMMENDATION: This regulation has been in place to meet up to the cleanliness of the environment, but because of the corruption of the land, such laws are not enforced and therefore, it is ignored. The industries still run and release aerosols and fumes into the atmosphere, damaging the immediate environment.

The Speech of Marcus Antonius in Julius Caesar -- William Shakespeare

The speech made by Marcus Antonius, called Antony, in Act Three, Scene Two of Julius Caesar shows that despite being considered a sportsman above all else, he is highly skilled with the art of oratory as well. In the play by William Shakespeare, this speech is made at the funeral of Caesar after he is killed by Brutus and the other conspirators. Brutus claimed earlier, in his own funeral speech, that the killing of Caesar was justified. He felt that Caesar was a threat, and too ambitious to be allowed as ruler. Much of this sentiment, however, was developed by the treacherous Cassius. Antony, on the other hand, felt that the conspirators were traitors to Rome and should be dealt with. This speech used a variety of methods to gradually bring the crowd to his side, yet maintain his side of the deal with Brutus. This deal was that he, â€Å"shall not in your funeral speech blame us...† (3.1.245) for the death of Caesar. Antony holds his end of the deal for the majority of the speech, yet by doing so convinces the crowd of Brutus' and the others' disloyalty. In many ways, this speech can be seen as the ultimate rhetoric, and it includes all three of Aristotle's methods of persuasion. This are the appeal to credibility, called ethos, the appeal to emotions, called pathos, and the appeal to logic, called logos. All three of these devices are used to great effect during the speech of Marcus Antonius. Antony begins with the now famous words, â€Å"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.†(3.2.62) In referring to the commoners as equals, they feel a sense of empathy even at the first line. This can be seen as a sort of ethos. He goes on to say that Brutus has said that Caesar was ambitious, and that this, if true, is a serious... ...2.248) Antony, though he kept to his bargain, brought the audience to his side in a variety of ways. He used all three methods of persuasion to his advantage. He claimed the killers of Caesar to be honorable and noble, and in the very act of doing so turned Brutus' followers against him. This shows the true ability of Marcus Antonius, and that he is a far greater threat than the conspirators recognized. This power of words is well known, and Aristotle's three methods of persuasion live on in modern speechwriters. Ethos, logos, and pathos are just as effective in our time as in that of Shakespeare, the Roman Empire, and wherever there are people to speak and people to listen. Thus even today, this speech of Shakespeare through Antony shows the sheer impact that mere words can have. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. New York: Simon, 1975.

Minimum wages

Many economic theories have been proposed to discuss the impact of minimum wages on labor market. The proceedings of the labor market is based on the exchange of resources between the employee and employer, the employee receive wages in return for their labor services to the employer. Labor market is considered to be most competitive market, where the established market price is much closer to the value of the product. Therefore, the employee is likely to receive marginal value, in the competitive market (excluding the factor of minimum wage). Therefore minimum wage laws have been introduced which foresee crisis of unemployment, if fewer employers are interested to hire labor, where as more people are willing to offer their services. Therefore, the law intends to maintain the equilibrium, to avoid social and economic turmoil. The amount of labor supplied by the workers is directly proportional to the nominal wage, a certain increase in the wage, forecast increase in the labor supply. The observation is based on the assumption that an employee hired at a low wage will prefer to consume ‘leisure and forego wages', a slight increase in the nominal range, it becomes difficult to practice leisure and avoid labor, therefore there is an increase in the number of workers wiling to offer labor. The relationship between the labor supplied and nominal wage is function of different variables including price. A substantial increase in the price level will reduce the number of workers, at all wages (Wascher, 1995). LABOR MARKET AND WAGES There exists an inverse relationship between the nominal wage, and the ‘amount of labor demanded by the organizations'. A substantial increase in the wages is likely to compel the organizations to reduce recruitment schemes. The relationship has been derived on the basis of an assumption that the organization prefers saving for increased proportion of profitability i.e. such level of production is aimed by the organization which increases the profit i.e. the difference between expenses and revenue. The revenue is based on the price of an item, and quantity of the items sold (Christopher, 2005). The expanses include the amount of wages, which is based on the labor and services. Therefore, the company will prefer to maintain a minimum threshold level to secure profit, on the basis of reduction in the wages, as more workers are employed, the labor wage increases which turn the organization less profitable. The price factor may compel the organizations to recruit the employees for all wage levels. minimum wages AND LABOR MARKET: IMPLICATIONS It has been predicted that minimum wage laws are expected to increase unemployment, if minimum wage is established above equilibrium wage. It is because, a large number of employees will be interested in offering their services in exchange for higher wages, on contrary on small and limited number of such opportunities will be available. Also, the organizations will be careful about the recruitment scheme, and ensure that only well qualified people are hired on high wages, therefore there is expected to be little scope for the least skilled and inexperienced employees, thus within the labor market the unemployment level will increase (Kane, 2007). Another factor which has the potential to deteriorate the condition and extend the unemployment crisis is monopsony within the labor market. If the employer has the authority to determine the wages for the employees, it is expected that the unemployment rate will diminish because minimum wage may boost employment. The equilibrium between the labor demand and labor supply will exist only at a point when applied wage is equal to the requirements of the labor and organizations. Wages are more than the equilibrium wage, will result in unemployment i.e. the excess supply of labor. ‘Using the matching function formulation along with Nash bargaining between workers and firms, the results of Hosios inform us that an efficient labor market equilibrium requires that the elasticity of the matching function with respect to the size of the set of searchers be equal to the share of the surplus they receive’ (Kane, 2007). CONCERNS: MINIMUM WAGE It is important to understand that minimum wage is a practice control factor applicable on the labor, which can be regarded as the captivity of the economic rights of the low-paid labors, and their prospects. The increased minimum wage limit is expected to reduce America's labor freedom index to 87 percent. In the case of free market economy, the maximum utilization of the land, information, capital goods, and labors achieved through price allocation. If the prices are kept free floating, the market is considered to be real free in launch of its economic policies and business plans, which have an impact on the labor market, and the fixture of minimum wage. ‘Estimates of the bargaining power parameter, although significantly lesser than a   percent, are significantly larger than estimates of the match function elasticity and as a result yield an optimal minimum wage rate less than the then current value of $4.25’ (Swinnerton, 1996). Considering the example of an organization, the organization has the right to increase its wages to capture the attention of the labor for the employment. Wages are considered to be suitable indication to discuss the expansion of business activities, and direct employment. ‘Freely floating prices allocate resources efficiently to places where they will take root and boost economic productivity' (Christopher, 2005). Price signals have been disturbed and distorted through implementations of labor regulations, which hamper market mechanism, and restrict economic freedom of employers and employees. Minimum wage is considered to have significant impact on economic freedom, the labor supply and demand mechanism undergo disruption due to the allocation of government specified minimum wages (Card, 1995). If the situation is not existent, the minimum wage can be regarded as ‘crude instrument' which relocate the labor market towards efficient allocation. ‘The labor market is not excused from the basic economic principle that artificially high prices cause lower demand'. The National Bureau of Economic Research observed that many analysts were of the opinion that minimum wages have negative impact on the labor market, ‘almost all point to negative employment effects’. More specifically, the study also revealed that there is, ‘relatively overwhelming evidence of stronger unemployment’ impacts on less experienced workers (Swinnerton, 1996). In the case on United States, the proposed federal minimum wage has been avoided by the Congress for more than a decade. The reviewed limit for the minimum wage is expected to raise to $7.25, however analyst are of the opinion that labor market can be served well through expansion of the Earned Income Tax Credit (or EITC, a substantial wage subsidy for low-income workers). According to 2007 Index, more than 90% of the US labor market is considered independent, and the imposition of the minimum wage will not only hamper the status of the labor market, but will reduce the labor freedom factor. IMPLICATIONS The proper approach for ensuring better income for group of workers can be achieved through imposition of minimum wage. The entrance to Labor Market can be achieved through implementation of minimum wage, and this is likely to benefit least qualified individuals. ‘Labor market flexibility refers to the ease with which workers and employers can negotiate mutually advantageous labor contracts' (Nathalie, 2006). However the implementation of minimum wage has been discouraged by economist, most of the economists are of the opinion that higher minimum wage has failed to achieved the primarily goal of poverty reduction, and is responsible for unemployment. According to a survey by Canadian authorities, 10% increase in the minimum wage was responsible for the direct unemployment of Canadian teenagers by 2.5%. In this context the labor laws play fundamental role, to counter such flaws. Researchers have concluded that, the scheme of tightening of laws about labor relations is responsible for the unemployment. It has been warned that implementation of rigid laws for the minimum wage barrier will affect the performance of the organizations. It is believed that organizations will opt for recruitment of smaller staff, and sought the replacement of workers with machines, and diminishes the performance premiums and other perks, or move switch over their operations ands move to other part. EFFECTS AND ALTERNATIVE (TAX CREDIT) The increase in the level of minimum wage is considered to be blockade for the reformed economic policies of any country; furthermore it disrupts international competitiveness, labor freedom. Labor freedom, like property rights and business freedom, a detailed study report issued by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal have concluded that, all these factors are considered to be important parameters for the evaluation of country's overall economic freedom as measured by the Index of Economic Freedom (Kane, 2007). The labor market should be based on labor freedom to strengthen the scope of economic activities that correlates the ability of workers and businesses to interact without any surveillance or official restrictions by the government. The minimum wage is although considered to be an important measure for supporting the poor and less skilled worker, but such conditions affect the business activity and shatter the economic plans of the organizations, and consequently the labor market is affected (Wascher, 1995). ‘The minimum wage disrupts the natural interaction of supply and demand and leads to inefficient allocations of labor and, eventually, increased unemployment', on contrary the government discourage the practice of competitiveness, and transform it into level economic battlefield, with restricted scope of advents (Swinnerton, 1996). The sole objective of minimum wage is to provide higher income to low earners, but to avoid the negative fallout of labor market, the execution of such policy should be avoided, and therefore policies based on negative income tax or earned income tax credit should be introduced to favor the low wage earners. Such methodology is considered to be economic efficient. The classical analysis of minimum wage support the idea that higher wage earners should help the low earners, the restriction of higher minimum wage is likely to affect the services and jobs of the low wage earners, therefore the labor market can be strengthen by providing sufficient incentives to ‘ low wage workers at the expense of other low wage workers and businesses employing low wage workers' (Card, 1995). The alternative scheme of negative income tax or earned income tax credit support the low earners, and it is the over all society that incurs the cost, and this further stabilizes the labor market. The scheme is considered to be economically viable, ‘because, a low tax rate on the broader economy causes less deadweight loss than a high tax rate on a small section of the economy' (Wascher, 1995). It has been reported that the approved EITC has increased the level of earnings by 40 percent; the proposed $7.25 of minimum wage after taxes for a full-time worker is expected to double the EITC. It is expected that minimum wage and tax credit scheme will rekindle the hope of low earners, and re-link them directly to the benefits of growing economy. REFERENCES Tim Kane, Ph.D. and Anthony B. Kim. A Higher Minimum Wage Equals Less Economic Freedom. 2007. Prentice Hall. pp. 125 Neumark, D. and W. Wascher. Minimum-Wage Effects on School and Work Transitions of Teenagers. American Economic Review 85. 1995. pp. 244-249. Card, D. and A. Krueger. Myth and Measurement: The New Economics of the Minimum Wage. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1995. Swinnerton, K. Minimum Wages in an Equilibrium Search Model with Diminishing Returns to Labor in Production. Journal of Labor Economics 14. 1996. pp. 340-355. Christopher J. Flinn. Minimum Wage Effects on Labor Market Outcomes under Search, Matching, and Endogenous Contact Rates. New York University Publications. 2005. pp. 45 Nathalie Elgrably. The Minimum Wage and Labor Market flexibility. December 2006.Montreal Economic Institute Publications.      

Metaphors in The Play “As You Like It” Essay Essays

Metaphors in The Play â€Å"As You Like It† Essay Essays Metaphors in The Play â€Å"As You Like It† Essay Essay Metaphors in The Play â€Å"As You Like It† Essay Essay Essay Topic: As You Like it In his drama. â€Å"As You Like It. † and by and large in all his authorship William Shakespeare uses a batch of metaphors. In. â€Å"As You Like It. † he has Rosalind who is disguised as male child named Ganymede use an interesting metaphor that explores the relationship between the ingestion of clip and the motion of a Equus caballus based on temper or pleasance. In my sentiment the lone ground that Rosalind of all time uses the metaphor is to seek to convert Orlando. the adult male she has fallen in love with and knows that he loves her. that she is wise when it comes to love and that she as Ganymede could bring around his love by giving him love lessons. The metaphor proves to be effectual because by the terminal of their conversation Orlando is convinced that Ganymede could bring around him. When Rosalind foremost approaches Orlando disguised as Ganymede she asks him for the clip. Orlando answers by stating that there is no manner to cognize the clip in this wood because there are no redstem storksbills. He says that it would be more appropriate to inquire for the clip of twenty-four hours. Rosalind follows this up by stating. â€Å"Then there is no true lover in the wood. else suspiring every minute and moaning every hr would observe the lazy pes of clip every bit good as a clock. † ( III. two ; 275-77 ) . By this she means that a true lover is merely every bit good at stating clip as a clock because they are ever believing about the 1 they love and every minute they sigh and every hr the moan. Orlando admirations why Rosalind said the lazy pes of clip instead than the fleet pes of clip because he thinks it would hold been merely as appropriate. Rosalind explains how clip travels at different velocities for different people and how she could state who clip promenades for. who clip jogs for. who clip gallops for. and who clip stands still for. Orlando asks her about each velocity and Rosalind gives an illustration of the sort of individual who would hold clip move at each gait. When Orlando asks who clip jogs for Rosalind says. â€Å"Marry. he trot difficult with a immature amah between the contract on her matrimony and the twenty-four hours it is solemnized. If the interim be but a se’nnight. times gait is so difficult that it seems the length of seven twelvemonth. † ( III. two ; 285-88 ) . By this she means that between the clip a adult female gets engaged and the twenty-four hours of her nuptials clip seems to travel easy. This is because the adult female is exited and dying. A week’s clip could look like 7 old ages. It is my belief that clip ever moves the antonym of how you want it to. When Orlando asks who clip promenades for Rosalind replies. â€Å"With a priest that lacks Latin and a rich adult male that hath non the urarthritis. for the lone slumber easy because he can non analyze and the other unrecorded happily because he feels no hurting – he one missing load of thin and uneconomical acquisition. the other cognizing no load of heavy boring indigence. These clip ambles however. † ( III. two ; 290-95 ) . To mosey is to walk in a easy manner. Both the priest and rich adult male have reasonably easy lives in which they are non really busy. Because they do non make anything clip seems to travel easy. When Orlando asks who clip gallops for Rosalind answers with. â€Å"With a stealer to the gallows. for though he travel quietly as pes can fall. he thinks himself excessively shortly at that place. † ( III. two ; 297-98 ) . A stealer on his manner to the gallows walks every bit slow as he perchance can but clip still seems to travel so fast. This is another illustration of how clip seems to travel the antonym of how you want it excessively. When Orlando asks who clip stands still for Rosalind says. â€Å"With attorneies in the holiday. for they sleep between term and term. and they perceive non how clip moves. † ( III. two ; 300-01 ) . Lawyers on holiday sleep off their vacations and have no sense of clip. To them it is similar clip is non traveling at all. Whenever I am on holiday I normally sleep it off and when I do wake I have no thought how much clip has past. I have been playing association football for about 6 old ages now and I have learned that at my games clip either mover fast or decelerate. Normally when my squad is winning clip moves slow because I want the game to stop. When my squad is losing clip seems to travel fast because I do non desire the game to win. I want my squad to come back and win. I have learned that clip neer works the manner you want it excessively. Shakespeare’s metaphors add a batch of intending to his authorship. Without them he might non be every bit good cognize as he is now. The metaphor in. â€Å"As You Like It. † adds a batch to the narrative. It non merely adds affect but besides plays a function in the plot line. If Rosalind had non used she may hold non been able to convert Orlando to take love lessons with her and that would do a immense alteration in the narrative.

History of Computer Essay Example

History of Computer Essay Example History of Computer Essay History of Computer Essay HISTORY OF COMPUTER THE PRE-MECHANICAL AGE: 3000 B. C. – 1450 A. D. 1. Writing and Alphabets – Communication First development of signs corresponding to spoken sounds, instead of pictures, to express words. Around 2000 B. C. , Phoenicians created symbols that expressed single syllables and consonants (the first true alphabet) The Greeks later adopted the Phoenician alphabet and added vowels; the Romans gave the letters Latin names to create the alphabet we use today. 2. Paper and Pens – input technologies. Sumerians’ input technology was a stylus that could scratch marks in wet clay. About 2600 B. C. , the Egyptians wrote on the papyrus plant. Around 100 A. D. , the Chinese made paper from rags, on which modern-day paper-making is based. 3. Books and Libraries – output technologies (permanent storage devices) Religious leaders in Mesopotamia kept the earliest â€Å"books† The Egyptians kept scrolls. Around 600 B. C. , the Greeks began to fold sheet of papyrus vertically into leaves and bind them together. 4. The First Numbering System Egyptian system: The numbers 1-9 as vertical lines, the number 10 as a U or circle, the number 100 as a coiled rope, and the number 1,000 as a lotus blossom. The first numbering system similar to those in use today were invented between 100 and 200 A. D. by Hindus in India who created a nine-digit numbering system. Around 875 A. D. , the concept of zero was developed. 5. The First Calculator: The Abacus. One of the very first information processor. The Abacus was man’s first recorded adding machine. It was in 500 B. C. when the Abacus was invented in Babylonia, then popularized in China, the Abacus is an ancient computing device constructed of sliding beads on small wooden rods, strung on a wooden frame. You could call the Abacus as the first Calculator. THE MECHANICAL AGE: 1450 – 1840 1. The first Information Explosion. Johann Gutenberg ( Mainz, Germany; c. 1387-1468) Invented the movable metal-type printing process in 1450. 2. The first general purpose â€Å"computers† People are the one who held the job title â€Å"computer†: One who works with numbers. 1614 John Napier introduces logarithms, he invents logs. Logs allow multiplication and division to be reduced to addition and subtraction. 1617 John Napier employing an ancient numerical scheme known as the Arabian lattice, lays out special version of the multiplication tables on a set of four-sided wooden rods, allowing users to multiply and divide large numbers and find square and cube roots. 1623 Wilhelm Shickard, a professor at the University of Tubingen, Germany who invented the first mechanical calculator that can work with six digits and carries digits across columns. 1625 William Oughtred (1575-1660) invented the slide rule. 1642 Blaise Pascal invented a mechanical calculation machine and he called it as Pascaline. The Pascaline can solve mathematical problems like addition and subtraction. 1671 Gottfried Leibniz, a German mathematician who invented a machine called Stepped Reckoner that could multiply 5 digit and 12 digit number yielding up to 16 digit number. 1801 Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed an automatic loom that was controlled by punched cards. 1820 Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar a French who developed the Arithmometer, This device performed the same type of computations as Leibniz’s Stepped Reckoner, but was more reliable. 1821 Charles Babbage invented the first, modern Computer Design: a steam powered adding machine called the â€Å"Difference engine. † Babbage understood that long math problems were just repetitive operations. Therefore, Babbage made a machine to automatically solve math problems. 1832 Babbage also invented the â€Å"Analytical Engine. † A mechanical adding machine that took information from punch cards to solve and print complex mathematical operations. 1842 The first program was written by Ada Augusta Lovelace for Babbage’s Difference Engine. Thus Ada Lovelace is credited with being the first computer programmer. The programming language Ada is named in her honor. THE ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE: 1840 – 1940 1. The beginning of Telecommunication. Voltaic battery The first electric battery, known as the voltaic pile, was invented in 1800 by Alessandro Volta. Telegraph Samuel F. B. Morse conceived of his version of an electromagnetic telegraph in 1832 and constructed an experimental version in 1853. Telephone and Radio 1876 Alexander Graham Bell developed the first working telephone and transmitted his now famous quotations â€Å"Watson, come here, I want you. † 1894 Guglielmo Marconi discovered that electrical waves travel through space and can produce an effect far from the point at which they originated. 1852 George Boole develops binary algebra. This became known as Boolean algebra and became important in the 20th century when binary computers were developed. 2. Electromechanical Computing 1853 Pehr and Edvard Scheutz complete their Tabulating Machine, capable of processing fifteen-digit numbers, printing out results, and rounding off to eight digits. 1885 Dorr Felt devices the Comptometer, a key driven adding and subtracting calculator. 889 Felt’s Comptograph, containing a built-in printer, is introduced. 1890 The first person to successfully use punched cards- specifically for census taking- was Herman Hollerith. By the 19th century, the number of people in the United States was so large, it took seven years to count them all. 1893 Otto Shweiger, a Swiss engineer, invented the first efficient four function calculator called the Milli onaire. 1906 Lee De Forest invented the Vacuum tube. This was important because it provided an electrically controlled switch; a necessity for digital electronics computer. History of the computer electronic age Presentation Transcript HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER THE ELECTRONIC AGE 1941-PRESENT 1941: KONRAD ZUSE Built the first programmable computer called the Z3, capable of following instructions . Z3- was the first fully functional, PROGRAM CONTROLLED computer of the world. Z1 Z3` 1942-Howard Hattaway Aiken A student of Harvard University built the Mark I â€Å" The First Stored-Program Computer. ASCC Harvard Mark 1 is 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2 feet thick, weighed 5 tons, used about 750,000 parts, 500 miles of wires, 3-5 seconds per calculation. A- Automatic S-Sequence C-Controlled C-Calculator 1942: John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry Completed the first all-electronic computer, called the ABC Computer, it was the first computer to use electricity in the form of vacuum tubes to help make electric computation possible. This is used for solving complex system of equations. ATANASOFF BERRY THE FOUR GENERATIONS OF DIGITAL COMPUTING THE FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS: 1951-1958 VACCUM TUBES AS THEIR MAIN LOGIC ELEMENTS. PUNCH CARDS TO INPUT and EXTENALLY STORE DATA. ROTATING MAGNETIC DRUMS FOR INTERNAL STORAGE OF DATA PROGRAMS. First generation computer had vacuum tubes, resistors, and welded metal joints. They were large, slow, expensive, and produced a lot of heat. Often broke down because of burned-out vacuum tubes. Also needed many experts to operate them. When running these computer, people stood by shopping carts full of replacement of vacuum tubes. 1945: PRESPER EKERT and JOHN MAUCHLY Developed the first operational electronic digital computer, called ENIAC, for the US Army. It is over 1000 times faster than Mark I, and could perform 5,000 additions per second. E- Electronic N-Numerical I-Integrator A-and C-Calculator ENIAC had more than 18,000 vacuum tubes, and took up 1,800 square feet of space. In addition, the electrical current of ENIAC required could power more than a thousand modern computers. Today ENIAC’s technology could fit in a modern wristwatch. ECKERT and MAUCHLY 1951: UNIVAC This computer was also designed by Eckert and Mauchly , became the first commercially available electronic computer. One of this version the UNIVAC 5 was used to predict result of the 1952 US presidential election. It is used for business transactions and operations. UNIVAC is 5 feet tall, 50 feet in length. Consist of 5,600 vacuum tubes and 18,000 crystal diodes. An internal storage of 1000 words or 12,000 characters. UNIV ersal A utomatic C alculator 1951-1953: MAGNETIC CORE MEMORY This was the fastest type of memory until the late 1980’s. 1953: IBM 701 Known as the â€Å"DEFENSE CALCULATOR. IBM’s first commercial or business scientific calculator.

Final Exam Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Exam - Case Study Example refore, the proper focus on time can help him manage his business very well with regards to the sale of products and services (Turban, Volonino, Wood & Sipior, 2013). b) Growth: the business has been expanding and at times becoming hard for Ted to manage effectively. This is witnessed at the expressed desire by Ted to expand the bicycle repair work. He at one time had to close down the store due to overexpansion. Ensuring ted’s business growth without running into issues such as the overexpansion is significant and requires that Ted strategize his business not to over expand for proper management. c) Operational effectiveness:Ted has a lot to manage as currently he has to manage five stores. Ted has to manage everything from staff to ordering from his suppliers, and even works in one of the stores twice a week in order to save on costs. Therefore, if Ted can better manage his operations, it would help him in expanding his bicycle repairs and get his business to grow (Turban et al., 2013). a) Weather: Ted to has open his business when there is favorable weather to ride any bicycle. During the rainy periods, he has to close down and open during the weekends and during the sunny days he has to open because the weather is favorable. Ted needs information on weather because cycling is deeply affected by weather conditions. b) Advertisement: Ted needs to advertize his business well in order to boost his sales. This is a good strategy as it will enhance his competitiveness with other firms producing similar products and in turn win his clients. He should have information on the best advertisement channel that will reach his targeted market on time without any delays (Turban et al., 2013). The advertising agency should also suit his goods and be cost effective according to his ability. c) Sales: this is basically a vital information Ted has to be updated on. The quantity of sales he should make within a given period of time should be dependent on the demand and

Ethics in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics in Management - Essay Example Values which we believe guide us on how we should act and behave are said to be moral values, for example: respect, honesty, fairness, responsibility etc. if you put these values in Statements, they would be called ethical principles. (Free Management Library, 1997) The concept of Business Ethics means different things to different people, but generally it refers to being aware in an organization about what is the right or wrong step in the workplace and then doing the right thing. Ethics are all about making decisions that may or may not be to your benefit but you make them because they are the most socially acceptable solutions. In organizations, being ethical is not considered a good thing or is thought to have a negative effect. This is because the organizations are usually about doing what's best for becoming the top organization, this mean sometimes not doing the right thing. This is especially with regard to effects of products and services and with the relationship and organization has with its stakeholders. Giving importance to business ethics has become extremely critical during times of elemental change, this change in the way organizations work both profit and non-profit has come with the changing perceptions of people especially bu siness professionals. Values and beliefs that were previously ignored and taken lightly are now strongly questioned. Many of these values that are ethical and socially acceptable are no longer given attention; as a result, there is no clear moral mentor or employee to guide future leaders through difficult problems and about what is right or wrong. When people start working and behaving ethically, they become more sensitive to their colleagues and subordinates. The best example for this would be when the leader and his or her employee maintain a strong and moral attitude during a time of crises. (Brotherton, 2003) (Free Management Library, 1997) Being ethical in an organization can have negative effects on the profitability of the organization and this may be something that the stakeholder might be unhappy with but it is very important for both the stakeholder and the organization to understand that long term goals and objectives are more important and fruitful than short term goals and by being morally sound and sensitized organization you will win the long term trust of the customers therefore be beneficial to the stakeholders indirectly. (Free Management Library, 1997) Business ethics is now being considered a management discipline, especially after the social responsibility movement in the 1960s and policies like affirmative action policies that addressed society's most sensitive moral and ethical issue, discrimination against color, caste and race. In that era, social awareness movements increased the expectations of organizations especially multinational corporations to use their strong financial and social influence to throw light on some of the major social problems such as poverty, crime, environmental protection, equal rights, and public health and literacy programs. (Brotherton, 2003) A growing amount of population emphasized on that organizations were making a profit from using our country's resources, human capital and natural; these organization had the responsibility to improve society for the welfare of the country (Jaszay, 2001). Many